| | 41 | Name: | Mr. J. Carter Brown | | | Institution: | Ovation - The Arts Network & National Gallery of Art | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | Death Date: | June 17, 2002 | | | | |
| 42 | Name: | Ms. Denise Scott Brown | | | Institution: | Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | | |
As an architect, planner, author and educator, Denise Scott Brown has helped to redirect the mainstream of modern architecture since the mid-1960s. No architect studying or in practice can have avoided her work or missed her call to broaden architecture to include ideas on pluralism and multiculturalism; social concern and activism; Pop Art, popular culture, and the everyday landscape; symbolism, iconography and context; the uses and misuses of history; electronic communication; the patterns of activities; the doctrine of functionalism; the relevance of mannerism; the role of generic building; and uncomfortably direct and uncomfortably indirect design--all these, in the making of architecture and urbanism today. Ms. Scott Brown feels she owes her views to a childhood and first architecture training at Witwatersrand University in South Africa in the 1940s and early 1950s, followed by London and the Architectural Association, 1952-55, and the University of Pennsylvania, 1958-1965. She received masters degrees in city planning and architecture from Penn and spent five years on the faculty while the social planning movement was being initiated there. She has also taught at the University of California, Berkeley, UCLA and Yale, Harvard and Princeton Universities and has lectured and advised world wide on architecture, urbanism and education. When she joined Robert Venturi in practice, she was well known for her contributions to theoretical research and education on the nature of cities. The early fruits of their collaboration were the research studies, "Learning from Las Vegas" and "Learning from Levittown." These projects and the book "Learning from Las Vegas (1972 by Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown, and Steven Izenour) challenged architects to study the human use and social context of architecture, the role of perception and memory in architecture, and the communicative possibilities of architecture. A primary focus had to do with symbolism and iconography. This turned the authors once again to history, to rediscover facets of architecture forgotten by the Modern Movement. Since 1967, as a leader of the firm now called Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Denise has participated in a broad range of the firm's projects, including the Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery in London, the Conseil Général complex in Toulouse, and the Mielparque Nikko Kirifuri hotel and spa near Nikko, Japan. As principal-in-charge for urban planning, urban design, and campus planning, her work has included urban planning for South Street, Philadelphia, Miami Beach, and Memphis, Tennessee; programming for the National Museum of the American Indian; and a plan for the Bouregreg Valley in Morocco. Today, Scott Brown focuses on urban university planning and design, where she employs tools evolved by melding the methods of planning and architecture. Her projects have included campus planning for Dartmouth College, the University of Pennsylvania, Williams College, the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard and the University of Kentucky. She directed the University of Michigan campus master plan and plans for several of its sub-campuses. In this role, she evolved the design concepts for the Baker-Berry Library at Dartmouth, the Perelman Quadrangle precinct at the University of Pennsylvania, and the Life Sciences complex at the University of Michigan, and was able to exert guidance over these projects from campus planning, through design and construction, to successful use. Scott Brown has recently written on urban planning and design for the World Trade Center site, Philadelphia's Penn's Landing, and New Orleans and has a new book of collected essays out: Having Words. She has worked on a campus life plan and campus center for Brown University, a master plan update for Tsinghua University in Beijing, and a proposal for rehabilitating the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Among her awards are the Anne d'Harnoncourt Award for Artistic Excellence from the Arts & Business Council of Philadelphia (with Robert Venturi, 2010); the Vilcek Prize, awarded to a foreign-born American for outstanding achievement in the arts (architecture) and for contributions to society in the U.S., from the Vilcek Foundation (2007); the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum's National Design Mind Award (with Robert Venturi, 2007); the ACSA-AIA Topaz Medallion for distinguished teaching in architecture (1996); the Royal Society for the Encouragement of the Arts' Benjamin Franklin Medal (1993); the National Medal of Arts (1992); the Republic of Italy's Commendatore of the Order of Merit (1987); the Chicago Architecture Award (1987); the AIA Gold Medal (with Robert Venturi, 2016); and the Jane Drew Prize (2017). | |
| 43 | Name: | Dr. Tomiko Brown-Nagin | | | Institution: | Harvard Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2021 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1970 | | | | | | |
Tomiko Brown-Nagin is an award-winning legal historian, an expert in constitutional law and education law and policy, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the American Law Institute, a member of the American Philosophical Society, a fellow of the American Bar Foundation, and a distinguished lecturer for the Organization of American Historians. She has published articles and book chapters on a wide range of topics, including the Supreme Court’s equal protection jurisprudence, civil rights law and history, the Affordable Care Act, and education reform. Her 2011 book, Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and the Long History of the Civil Rights Movement (Oxford), won six awards, including the Bancroft Prize in U.S. History. In her new book, Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality (Pantheon, forthcoming January 2022), Brown-Nagin explores the life and times of Constance Baker Motley, the pathbreaking lawyer, politician, and judge.
In 2019, Brown-Nagin was appointed chair of the Presidential Committee on Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery, which is anchored at the Radcliffe Institute. Brown-Nagin has previously served as faculty director of Harvard Law School’s Charles Hamilton Houston Institute and as codirector of Harvard Law School’s law and history program, among other leadership roles.
She earned a law degree from Yale University, where she served as an editor of the Yale Law Journal; a doctorate in history from Duke University; and a BA in history, summa cum laude, from Furman University.
Brown-Nagin held the 2016–2017 Joy Foundation Fellowship at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and became dean of the Institute on July 1, 2018. | |
| 44 | Name: | Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland | | | Institution: | World Health Organization | | | Year Elected: | 2002 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | | |
Gro Harlem Brundtland is a pioneering physician and international civil servant who has used her combination of scientific training, political skill and moral leadership to draw the world's attention to the challenges of sustainability and global health. She was appointed Prime Minister of Norway for the first time in 1981, at the age of 41, becoming the first woman and then the youngest person to hold that office. Dr. Brundtland served as Head of Government for more than 10 years. As chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development, she was responsible for the report "Our Common Future" in April 1987. This report introduced the influential concept of sustainability as humanity's capacity to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This report led to the first Earth Summit, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and to many subsequent activities to promote environmental protection with economic development. As Director-General of the World Health Organization since July 1998 (again, the first woman to hold that office), Dr. Brundtland has mobilized resources and provided moral and technical leadership to improve people's health everywhere. In 2007 she was chosen by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as a special envoy to the U.N. in addressing climate change. | |
| 45 | Name: | Ms. Louise Henry Bryson | | | Institution: | J. Paul Getty Trust | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Louise Henry Bryson served on the Board of Trustees for the J. Paul Getty Trust for twelve years, four as Chair of the Board. She was made Chair Emerita in 2010. She was asked to Co-Chair the task force to develop and deepen awareness and private support for the first Pacific Standard Time initiative, a project she had strongly supported as Board Chair. In 2011, she co-founded the Getty Conservation Council and serves as its Chair.
Ms. Bryson had a thirty-four-year career in media and retired in 2008. She was President of Distribution for Lifetime Entertainment Services and Executive Vice President and General Manager of Lifetime Movie Networks (LMN). Previously, as Senior Vice President at FX Networks, she represented Fox-owned and affiliated stations in negotiations with all U.S. cable and satellite companies and launched FX in June of 1994 with the then largest distribution in cable history. She was a member of the NBC team that initiated the first Pay-Per-View Olympics and was the General Manager of Z Channel, a critically acclaimed LA-based movie channel.
Ms. Bryson started her career as a producer and writer for public television and continued her interest in public media. She was a founder and Chair of the Board of KCET in Los Angeles, and a former member of the PBS National Board, which honored her with the 1998 Award for Excellence in Public Television Leadership.
She serves on the boards of Huntington Memorial Hospital, California Community Foundation, Second Stage Theatre in New York, Public Policy Institute of California, and Public Media Group of Southern California. She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2010 and is a member of the Academy’s Trust and Board and Co-Chair of the AAAS 2022 $100 Million Campaign. Ms. Bryson is a former Trustee of American Funds, WETA, the PBS station in D.C. and Trustee Emerita of Pomona College
She has an MBA and MAT from Stanford University and a BA from University of Washington.
She and her husband, John, have four daughters and reside in San Marino, California. | |
| 46 | Name: | Mr. Warren Edward Buffett | | | Year Elected: | 2009 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | | | | |
Warren E. Buffett is considered one of the leading investors in the United States and perhaps the world. He has been the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer at his company, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. since 1970. He has always been a constructive investor, interested in the long-run success of a corporation as distinguished from short-run profit. He won the Lifeboat Foundation Guardian Award in 2002, the University of California, Berkeley Award for Distinguished Contributions to Financial Reporting in 2007, and the 2010 Medal of Freedom, and was inducted into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1992. | |
| 47 | Name: | Secretary Lonnie Bunch | | | Institution: | Smithsonian Institution | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1952 | | | | | | |
Historian, author, curator, and educator, Lonnie G. Bunch, III is the 14th Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the world’s largest museum complex, who was appointed in June 2019.
Prior to assuming this position, Bunch was the founding director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC). In this position he provided strategic leadership in areas of fundraising, collections, and academic and cultural partnerships.
As a public historian, a scholar who brings history to the people, Bunch has spent nearly 30 years in the museum field where he is regarded as one of the nation’s leading figures in the historical and museum community.
Prior to his July 2005 appointment as director of NMAAHC, Bunch served as the president of the Chicago Historical Society, one of the nation’s oldest museums of history.
Bunch has held several positions at the Smithsonian, and spent a number of years at both the National Museum of American History and the National Air and Space Museum.
A prolific and widely published author, Bunch has written on topics ranging from slavery, the black military experience, the American presidency, and all black towns in the American west to diversity in museum management and the impact of funding and politics on American museums.
In service to the historical and cultural community, Bunch has served on the advisory boards of several professional organizations. Among his many awards, he was appointed by President George W. Bush to the Commission for the Preservation of the White House in 2002 and reappointed by President Barack Obama in 2009.
Bunch has received honorary doctorates from an array of Universities including: Harvard University, Princeton University, Brown University, Dominican University, Roosevelt University, Rutgers University, Northwestern University, and Georgetown University.
Born in the Newark, N.J. area, Bunch has held numerous teaching positions across the country including American University; the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth; and The George Washington University. He received undergraduate and graduate degrees from American University in African American and American history.
He is married to Maria Marable Bunch, a museum educator. They have two daughters, Sarah and Katie. | |
| 48 | Name: | Mr. McGeorge Bundy | | | Institution: | Carnegie Corporation of New York | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | 9/16/96 | | | | |
| 49 | Name: | Mr. James E. Burke | | | Institution: | Partnership for a Drug-Free America & Johnson & Johnson | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | September 28, 2012 | | | | | | |
In his nearly forty years (1953-89) with the Johnson & Johnson Corporation, James E. Burke earned much respect for the quality of his executive ability and his concern for those less fortunate in life than he. He was involved in several causes benefiting others, and he held many posts that reflect leadership and sound judgment. As chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Johnson & Johnson, he enhanced the importance of business ethics and corporate social responsibility by challenging and rededicating the principles of the Johnson & Johnson credo throughout the corporation. With primary concern for public safety, he recalled millions of bottles of Tylenol capsules during criminal tampering incidents in 1982 and 1986. Recognizing humankind's yearning for a longer and healthier life, he initiated a comprehensive program of employee wellness called "Live for Life." During a time when American industry was forsaking the research and development necessary to stay competitive, he saw the need to invest heavily, quadrupuling the corporation's R&D investment. Following his retirement, he became chairman of the Partnership for a Drug-Free America, a coalition of communications professionals dedicated to persuading children to reject substance abuse. For this work he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, by President Clinton. He became Chairman Emeritus of PDFA at the end of 2002. Mr. Burke was a member of the National Business Hall of Fame, and Fortune magazine named him one of the ten greatest CEOs of all time.
James Burke died September 28, 2012, at the age of 87, near New Brunswick, New Jersey. | |
| 50 | Name: | Dr. Frederick H. Burkhardt | | | Institution: | American Council of Learned Societies | | | Year Elected: | 1983 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | September 23, 2007 | | | | | | |
The Society's 2003 Thomas Jefferson Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Arts, Humanities, or Social Sciences is awarded to Frederick H. Burkhardt, who has made extraordinary contributions to all three of these fields.
A graduate of Columbia University and Oriel College at Oxford, a philosopher by training, he served as general editor of the definitive 19-volume series on the works of William James, published by Harvard University Press. After distinguished service in World War II, he presided over Bennington College for ten years. He then served for fifteen years as president of the American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS). As ACLS president, he did much to develop the field of area studies. He was at the forefront in promoting international cultural exchanges, and he became one of the architects of the legislation that led to the foundation of the National Councils of the Arts and Humanities. He has been chairman of the New York Public Library, the National Committee on Libraries and Information Science, and the Board of Higher Education in New York City. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1983.
In his retirement, he began 28 years ago to collect and edit Darwin's letters, and he has now become the senior editor, guiding light and inspiration of the monumental series on The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, published by the Cambridge University Press. This series has already reached 14 volumes and is planned to conclude with the 32nd volume in 2012. This magnificent and authoritative edition has received universal praise. It has been described in various reviews as "one of the triumphs in scope and excellence of post-war publishing in England," "a treasure house for scientists, sociologists and geographers alike" and "one of the most important reference books to be published in the twentieth century on the culture of science, technology and medicine." Last year it received the Queen's Award for Excellence.
The American Philosophical Society is proud to recognize the devoted public service, transforming leadership, exemplary editorship, and groundbreaking scholarship of Frederick Henry Burkhardt. | |
| 51 | Name: | Mr. Ken Burns | | | Institution: | Florentine Films | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Ken Burns is considered by many to be one of the most distinguished and influential documentary filmmakers in the United States. His various documentaries - including: Brooklyn Bridge, 1981; The Shakers: Hands to Work, Hearts to God, 1984; The Statue of Liberty, 1985; Huey Long, 1985; The Congress, 1988; Thomas Hart Benton, 1988; The Civil War, 1990; Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio, 1991; William Segal, 1992; Baseball, 1994; Vezelay, 1996; Thomas Jefferson, 1997; Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery, 1997; Frank Lloyd Wright, 1998; Not For Ourselves Alone: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, 1999; In the Marketplace, 2000; Jazz, 2001; Mark Twain, 2001; Horatio’s Drive: America’s First Road Trip, 2003; Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson, 2005; The War, 2007; The National Parks: America’s Best Idea, 2009 - explore the history of America in a unique and inspiring way through the use of innovative and captivating cinematography, memorable underlying musical motifs, and a distinctive storytelling voice. Often playing multiple roles as filmmaker, Burns was the director, producer, co-writer, chief cinematographer, music director and executive producer of both Baseball and The Civil War. In cinematography, Burns’ technique of panning across a photograph to focus on the subject of narration is now referred to as the Ken Burns Effect. He has won numerous awards - The Civil War alone bringing in over 40 - including seven Emmy awards, and has been nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Documentary. He is the recipient of the 2019 Lenfest Spirit of the American Revolution Award. His work continues with Baseball: The Tenth Inning (2010), Prohibition (2011), The Dust Bowl (2012) The Central Park Five (2012), and The Roosevelts (2014). He and his works are symbols of excellence and humanity. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011. | |
| 52 | Name: | Professor Sir David Cannadine | | | Institution: | British Academy; Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2019 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | | | | |
David Cannadine is the former President of the British Academy, the Dodge Professor of History Emeritus at Princeton University, and a Visiting Professor of History at Oxford University. He earned his D.Phil. from Oxford University in 1975. His work history includes St. John's College and Christ's College at Cambridge University, being Moore Collegiate Professor of History at Columbia University, being Director of the Institute of Historical Research and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother Professor of British History at University of London, and Whitney J. Oates Senior Research Scholar and Lecturer with the rank of Professor at Princeton University.
David Cannadine is a distinguished historian of modern Britain (knighted for his work in 2009) who for many years has led a trans-Atlantic life, teaching at Princeton and Oxford while publishing a steady stream of well-received books. The first in his family to attend university, he has a deep research interest in the role of class in British life and history. He is active in many British learned societies and became president of the British Academy in 2017.
His works include Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (1990), The Rise and Fall of Class in Britain (1998), Ornamentalism: How the British Saw the Empire (2001), Margaret Thatcher: A Life (2016), and Victorious Century: The United Kingdom 1800-1906 (2017). Among his honors are the Lionel Trilling Prize in 2009, the Dean's Distinguished Award in the Humanities of Columbia University in 1996, the Dickinson Medal of the Newcomen Society in 2003, Knight Bachelor in 2008, Tercentenary Medal of the Society of Antiquaries in 2008, and the Minerva Medal of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow in 2012. He is a member of the Royal Historical Society (1981), the Royal Society of Arts (1998), the Royal Society of Literature (1999), the British Academy (1999), the Society of Antiquaries of London (2005), and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2018). David Cannadine was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019. | |
| 53 | Name: | Lord Caradon | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | 9/5/90 | | | | |
| 54 | Name: | His Majesty Juan Carlos | | | Institution: | King of Spain | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | | |
Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon was born in 1938 in Rome, where the Spanish Royal Family was living at that time, having had to leave Spain when the Republic was proclaimed in 1931. He is the son of Don Juan de Borbon y Battenberg, Count of Barcelona and Head of the Spanish Royal Household ever since King Alfonso XIII had relinquished this status, and Dona Maria de las Mercedes de Borbon y Orleans. At the express wish of his father, he was educated in Spain, which he visited for the first time at the age of ten. In 1954 he completed his Baccalaureate at the San Isidro School in Madrid, and in 1955 began his studies at the Academies and Military Colleges of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. During this time he carried out his practice voyage as a midshipman on the training ship Juan Sebastian Elcano and qualified as a military pilot. In 1960-61 he completed his education at Madrid's Complutense University, where he studied constitutional and international law, economics and taxation. On May 14th, 1962, he married Princess Sofia of Greece, the eldest daughter of King Paul I and Queen Federika, in Athens. After their honeymoon, the Prince and Princess went to live at the Palacio de la Zarzuela, on the outskirts of Madrid, which is still their residence. In 1963 the first of their three children, Princess Elena, was born, followed, two years later, by Princess Cristina and finally, in 1968, by Prince Felipe. After his designation as future successor to the Head of State in 1969, he embarked on a series of official activities, touring Spain and visiting many foreign countries, including France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, Japan, China and India. Upon the death of the previous Head of State, Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos was proclaimed King on November 22nd, 1975. In his first message to the nation he expressed the basic ideas of his reign, to restore democracy and become King of all Spaniards, without exception. The transition to democracy, under the guidance of a new Government, began with the Law on Political Reform in 1976. In May 1977, the Count of Barcelona transferred to the King his dynasty rights and his position as head of the Spanish Royal Household, at a ceremony which confirmed the fulfillment of the role incumbent on the Crown in the restoration of democracy. A month later the first democratic election since 1936 was held, and the new parliament drafted the text of the current Constitution, which was approved in a referendum on December 6th, 1978. The Constitution established as the form of government of the Spanish State that of a parliamentary monarchy, in which the King is the arbiter and overseer of the proper working of the institutions. By giving the royal assent to this Constitution, King Juan Carlos expressly proclaimed his firm intention to abide by it and serve it. In fact, it was the actions of the Monarch that saved the Constitution and democracy during the night of February 23, 1981, when the constitutional powers had been retained in the Parliament building in an attempted coup. In the course of 18 years the King has toured Europe, Latin America, the United States and Canada, the Middle East, China, Japan, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and many countries in Africa. He has also addressed many international organizations: the United Nations, the institutions of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States, UNESCO, the International Labour Organization and the Arab League. The King has encouraged a new style in conducting relations with Latin America, emphasizing the identifying features of a cultural community based on a common language, and pointing out the need to generate common initiatives and take part in suitable kinds of cooperative activity. The countries of that area have shown great generosity in agreeing on the need to create a permanent framework capable of expressing this new situation, setting objectives and organizing programs and specific lines of action. This is the rationale behind the Latin American Conferences, the first of which was held in Guadalajara, Mexico, in 1991. As a convinced European and a winner of the Charlemagne Award in 1982, Juan Carlos delivers insistent reminders of Spain's European calling throughout its history. The importance of the European Union in the contemporary world and in particular in the areas which are most akin to it, including Latin America, has been stressed by the King in many messages, such as the one he gave at the French National Assembly in 1993. King Juan Carlos, who pays constant attention to the world of intellectual developments and its capacity for innovation, has a special relationship with universities, both in Spain and abroad, where he has had conferred upon him honorary doctorates by the most renowned centers, including the Universities of Bologna, Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard, amongst many others. He is also an associate member of the Institut de France. He also pays special attention to the future of the Spanish language and the heritage of the community of Spanish speakers. The King is honorary president of the Board of Trustees of the Cervantes Institute, which is dedicated to the dissemination of the Spanish language worldwide, and the Foundation in support of the Royal Academy, to whose setting up in 1993 he contributed out of his own personal patrimony. As a keen practitioner of several sports, such as skiing and sailing, Juan Carlos supports and appreciates sport as a formative influence of unquestionable social value. The presence of the King and Queen and their encouragement of the Spanish Olympic teams during the Games in Barcelona in 1992 attest to the importance which Juan Carlos attaches to this activity. In 2014 Juan Carlos abdicated his throne in favor of his son, Felipe. | |
| 55 | Name: | The Honorable Jimmy Carter | | | Institution: | Former President of the United States & The Carter Center, Inc. & Emory University & Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | | | | |
Jimmy Carter (James Earl Carter, Jr.), thirty-ninth president of the United States, was born October 1, 1924, in the small farming town of Plains, Georgia, and grew up in the nearby community of Archery. He was educated in the Plains public schools, attended Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology, and received a B.S. degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1946. In the Navy he became a submariner, serving in both the Atlantic and Pacific fleets and rising to the rank of lieutenant. Chosen by Admiral Hyman Rickover for the nuclear submarine program, he was assigned to Schenectady, N.Y., where he took graduate work at Union College in reactor technology and nuclear physics, and served as senior officer of the pre-commissioning crew of the Seawolf. When his father died in 1953, he resigned his naval commission and took his family back to Plains. He took over the Carter farms, and he and and his wife Rosalynn operated Carter's Warehouse, a general-purpose seed and farm supply company. He quickly became a leader of the community, serving on county boards supervising education, the hospital authority, and the library. In 1962 he won election to the Georgia Senate. He lost his first gubernatorial campaign in 1966 but won the next election, becoming Georgia's 76th governor on January 12, 1971. He was the Democratic National Committee campaign chairman for the 1974 congressional elections. On December 12, 1974, he announced his candidacy for president of the United States. He won his party's nomination on the first ballot at the 1976 Democratic National Convention, and was elected president on November 2, 1976. Jimmy Carter served as president from January 20, 1977 to January 20, 1981. Significant foreign policy accomplishments of his administration included the Panama Canal treaties, the Camp David Accords, the treaty of peace between Egypt and Israel, the SALT II treaty with the Soviet Union, and the establishment of U.S. diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. He championed human rights throughout the world. On the domestic side, the administration's achievements included a comprehensive energy program conducted by a new Department of Energy; deregulation in energy, transportation, communications, and finance; major educational programs under a new Department of Education; and major environmental protection legislation, including the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Mr. Carter is the author of a long list of books, many of which are now in revised editions: Why Not the Best? (1975, 1996); A Government as Good as Its People (1977, 1996); Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President (1982, 1995); Negotiation: The Alternative to Hostility (1984); The Blood of Abraham (1985, 1993); Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life, written with Rosalynn Carter (1987, 1995); An Outdoor Journal (1988, 1994); Turning Point: A Candidate, a State, and a Nation Come of Age (1992); Talking Peace: A Vision for the Next Generation (1993, 1995); Always a Reckoning (1995); The Little Baby Snoogle-Fleejer, illustrated by Amy Carter (1995); Living Faith (1996); Sources of Strength: Meditations on Scripture for a Living Faith (1997); The Virtues of Aging (1998); An Hour before Daylight: Memoirs of a Rural Boyhood (2001); Christmas in Plains: Memories (2001); The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture (2002); The Hornet's Nest: A Novel of the Revolutionary War (2003); Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006); and White House Diary (2010). His most recent books are Beyond the White House: Waging Peace, Fighting Disease and Building Hope (2007); A Remarkable Mother (2008); We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land: A Plan That Will Work (2009); and A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence and Power (2014). In 1982, he became University Distinguished Professor at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and founded the Carter Center in Atlanta. Actively guided by President Carter, the nonpartisan and nonprofit center addresses national and international issues of public policy. Carter Center fellows, associates and staff join with President Carter in efforts to resolve conflict, promote democracy, protect human rights, and prevent disease and other afflictions. Through the Global 2000 program, the Center advances health and agriculture in the developing world. President Carter and The Carter Center have engaged in conflict mediation in Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989), North Korea (1994), Liberia (1994), Haiti (1994), Bosnia (1994), Sudan (1995), the Great Lakes region of Africa (1995-96), Sudan and Uganda (1999), and Venezuela (2002-2003). Under his leadership The Carter Center has sent forty-seven international election-monitoring delegations to elections in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. These include Panama (1989), Nicaragua (1990), Guyana (1992), Venezuela (1998), Nigeria (1999), Indonesia (1999), East Timor (1999), Mexico (2000), China (2001), Jamaica (2002), and Guatemala (2003).The permanent facilities of The Carter Presidential Center were dedicated in October, 1986, and include the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum. Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter volunteer one week a year for Habitat for Humanity, a nonprofit organization that helps needy people in the United States and in other countries renovate and build homes for themselves. He also teaches Sunday school and is a deacon in the Maranatha Baptist Church of Plains. For recreation, he enjoys fly-fishing, woodworking, jogging, cycling, tennis, and skiing. The Carters have three sons, one daughter, eight grandsons, and three granddaughters. On December 10, 2002, the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2002 to Mr. Carter "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development." To this day, he continues to work for these goals and against the world's most intractable problems. In 2007 he joined the Elders, a freelance global diplomatic team dedicated to working for the common good. The alliance also includes former South African president Nelson Mandela, former Irish president Mary Robinson and the retired Anglican archbishop Desmond Tutu. In 2017 he was honored by the Ford Foundation with the Gerald R. Ford Medal for Distinguished Public Service as well as the O'Connor Justice Prize. | |
| 56 | Name: | Ms. Rosalind Chast | | | Institution: | The New Yorker | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1954 | | | | | | |
Rosalind (Roz) Chast received a BFA at the Rhode Island School of Design. In 1998 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Pratt Institute and in 2004 she was given the Museum of Cartoon and Comic Art Festival Award. She is the author and illustrator of Last Resorts, 1979; Unscientific Americans, 1982; Parallel Universes, 1984; Mondo Boxo, 1987; The Four Elements, 1988; Proof of Life on Earth, 1992; The Joy of Being Single, 1992; Childproof, 1997; Rationalizations To Live By, 2002; Weird and Wonderful Words, 2004; The Party, After You Left, 2004; Theories of Everything: Selected, Collected, and Health-Inspected Cartoons 1978-2006, 2006; with Steve Martin, The Alphabet from A to Y With Bonus Letter Z!, 2007; What I Hate: From A to Z, 2011; and Can't We Talk About Something More Pleasant? 2014 (which won the National Book Award in Autobiography). She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2010.
Ms. Chast is one of the most gifted cartoonists of her generation. Since 1979 she has been on the staff of The New Yorker, where she has now published more than a thousand cartoons. Her first of many covers for The New Yorker appeared in 1986. Her work also appears in other publications, including Scientific American and Harvard Business Review. If her cartoons have a common denominator it must be that they are very clever and quietly and irresistibly funny. She draws little figures, sometimes inquisitive, sometimes abashed, and most often bewildered. Chast's subjects are usually domestic or family oriented. Her art is deceptively simple; many surprises await the reader who parses carefully the backgrounds against which her figures appear. Her comics reflect a "conspiracy of inanimate objects," an expression she credits to her mother. Her most recent book, Theories of Everything: Selected, Collected, and Health-Inspected Cartoons 1978-2006, offers a splendid review of Chast's work; amusement, with moments of breaking into uncontrollable laughter, is guaranteed. | |
| 57 | Name: | Dr. Carol T. Christ | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley; Smith College | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Carol T. Christ is, as of July 2017, the Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley. An esteemed scholar of English literature and a recognized leader in higher education, Carol T. Christ was the 10th president of Smith College. She retired as president in June 2013. Christ came to Smith in 2002 following a 30-year career in teaching and administration at the University of California, Berkeley, which culminated in her appointment as executive vice chancellor, the university’s top academic officer. At Smith, Christ has led a comprehensive strategic planning process to identify the distinctive intellectual traditions of the Smith curriculum and to develop students’ essential capacities. The Smith Design for Learning: A Plan to Reimagine a Liberal Arts Education identifies priority areas - among them, international studies, environmental sustainability, and community engagement - for significant investment over the coming decade. The product of two years of intensive work and the engagement of thousands of alumnae, faculty, staff and students, The Smith Design underscores Smith’s mission to "educate women of promise for lives of distinction." Under Christ’s leadership, Smith undertook one of the most ambitious capital projects in the college’s history: Ford Hall, a state-of-the-art, sustainably designed classroom and laboratory facility named in recognition of its lead donor, the Ford Motor Company Fund. Opened in fall 2009, Ford Hall is home to the college’s pioneering Picker Engineering Program as well as the departments of molecular biology, chemistry, biochemistry and computer science. In 2010, Christ launched The Futures Initiative, a year-long strategic-thinking project focused on 2020 and beyond, which examined the college’s academic and financial models in the context of trends in higher education. Participants - trustees, faculty and senior campus leaders - engaged questions of demographics, globalization, pre- and post-college education, and diverse pathways toward an undergraduate degree, with the aim of positioning Smith for long-term success.
Over the decade of Christ’s leadership, the student body has become notably more diverse and international, reflecting a commitment to educating students who are prepared to assume leadership roles around the world. Christ has extended Smith’s global ties, through partnerships such as Women’s Education Worldwide, an organization of women’s colleges in 20 countries, and the Women in Public Service Project, a founding partnership of the Department of State and the five leading U.S. women’s colleges to train a new generation of women to enter the public sector with the skills and passion to address global challenges. In spring 2012, Smith agreed to serve as the academic planning partner for a new liberal arts university for women, the Asian Women’s Leadership University, in Malaysia.
Christ graduated with honors from Douglass College and received her doctorate from Yale University.
As president, she continued to teach, offering seminars on science and literature, and on the arts. In 2004 she was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in recognition of her accomplishments in higher education. In 2007 Yale University Graduate School presented Christ with its highest honor, the Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, in recognition of her distinguished achievements in scholarship, teaching, academic administration and public service. In 2011 she was awarded an honorary doctoral degree by the American College of Greece for her service to education and public life. Carol Christ was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. | |
| 58 | Name: | The Honorable Warren Christopher | | | Institution: | O'Melveny & Myers | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | March 18, 2011 | | | | | | |
A veteran of three Democratic administrations, Warren Christopher was an accomplished policy maker and lawyer with years of distinguished public and private service. As Deputy Secretary of State for President Carter (1977-81) he skillfully negotiated the release of 52 American hostages in Iran, and he was instrumental in the normalization of relations with China and the ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. As Secretary of State for President Clinton (1993-97), his foreign policy successes included a historic peace accord in the Balkans, a cease-fire between Great Britain and the Irish Republican Army, resumption of formal relations with Vietnam, resolution of potential nuclear arms problems with North Korea, and a peace accord between Israel and the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza. For his achievements in public service Mr. Christopher was awarded the Medal of Freedom (1981), and, as a native North Dakotan, that state's Roughrider Award. Prior to his appointment under President Clinton, Mr. Christopher served as chairman of the law firm O'Melveny & Myers, with which he remained associated as a senior partner until his death. He was a graduate of Stanford University Law School (LL.B., 1949), where he was the founder and president of the Stanford Law Review. Warren Christopher died March 18, 2011, at the age of 85, in Los Angeles, California. | |
| 59 | Name: | Mr. George R. Clark | | | Institution: | Girard Bank (now Mellon Bank) | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1910 | | | Death Date: | 6/15/98 | | | | |
| 60 | Name: | Hon. Joseph S. Clark | | | Institution: | U.S. Senate | | | Year Elected: | 1976 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1901 | | | Death Date: | 1/12/90 | | | | |
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